Role of zirconia phase transformation,interface processes,and Ta2O5 doping on the blistering phenomenon of molten glass in contact with zirconia-based refractories

Bubble formation and removal within the molten glass is an important issue in glass industry. Various sources of bubbles have been identified in glass manufacturing: decomposition of the glass components, air trapping, oxidation/reduction reactions, precipitation resulting from insufficient refining, etc. It has been demonstrated in a previous paper that the blistering phenomenon at the interface between a molten glass and a zirconia-based refractory can be ascribed to the oxygen semipermeability through the zirconia phase. The objective of this study is to clarify the role of temperature on the blistering process, and especially, below and above the phase transition temperature of zirconia (monoclinic/tetragonal transformation) and to evaluate the role of zirconia doping on the blistering level. The influence of the kinetics of the surface processes at the glass/refractory interface is emphasized. Quantitative measurement of the slight blistering ascribed to the so-called “redox shock” is also given.     

Effects of nano-Ag on the combustion process of Al–CuO metastable intermolecular composite

Effects of nano-Ag with high thermal conductivity on the combustion wave behavior of Al–CuO MIC (metastable intermolecular composite) are studied in this paper by incorporating Al–CuO MIC with nano-Ag particles in different weight proportions. The physical and chemical characteristics of Al–CuO MIC are determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The combustion wave behavior is identified by high-speed video recording (HSVR). The experimental observations confirm that the presence of nano-Ag particles improves the heat transfer efficiency. With nano-Ag increasing from 1 wt% to 10 wt%, the first exothermic peak temperature decreases from 607.8 °C to 567.6 °C, and average combustion speed (ACS) increases at first and then reduces. The most suitable amount of nano-Ag is 2 wt% with the ACS and instantaneous combustion velocity on the order of 954.0 m/s, 1562.5 m/s. Moreover, heat transfer mechanisms in the combustion process of Al–CuO MIC are better understood, especially by distinguishing conduction from convection during the combustion propagation. Furthermore, three stages (ignition, acceleration and steady combustion) of reactive propagation are observed in the combustion process. And the corresponding dominative heat transfer mechanisms in the three stages are conduction, conduction to convection transition, and convection, respectively.     

膨胀型防火涂层膨胀尺寸非线性传热模型

膨胀型防火涂层在膨胀过程中孔隙存在的对流传热和辐射传热会降低涂层的防火性能。考虑到孔隙之间存在涂层分解产生的气体,因此通过理想气体状态方程,描述了涂层在不同升温条件下的膨胀行为。建立了以膨胀尺寸为输出项,并考虑孔隙对有效导热系数增强作用的有限元传热模型,探究不同厚度的涂层在不同升温环境下的防火性能。结果表明：膨胀尺寸模型能够较为准确地预测涂层在不同温度场下的膨胀行为,涂层最大膨胀率随干膜厚度增大而减小;基于膨胀尺寸和多孔有效导热系数的有限元传热模型模拟的钢管温度变化与试验结果吻合较好;膨胀型防火涂层在高升温速率环境中能够明显延缓钢管升温,并降低其最大受火温度;不同升温环境中,涂层的防火能力和厚度呈非线性变化。     

A theoretical and experimental study of surface generation under spindle vibration in ultra-precision raster milling

In ultra-precision raster milling (UPRM), the impulse spindle vibration induced by the impulse-like cutting forces is intrinsic and special mechanism majorly influencing surface topography. It is fundamentally distinctive with the step spindle vibration induced by the step-like cutting forces in turning. However, no work has been conducted to study surface generation under the impulse spindle vibration in UPRM in depth. Consequently, this paper theoretically and experimentally elaborates that in UPRM, (i) the impulse spindle vibration includes the axial, radial and coupled-tilting spindle vibration with damping; (ii) the excitation frequency of the impulse-like cutting forces, i.e. spindle speed, determines the spindle vibration characteristics, i.e. synchronous or asynchronous spindle vibration; (iii) the coupled-tilting spindle vibration is a predominant factor influencing surface generation; and (iv) the irregular spindle-vibration waves induced by the impulse spindle vibration produce one of the irregular, lattice-like and stripe patterns or their hybrids at a milled surface.     

全帧CCD探测器CT扫描数据读出与拖影校正研究

以光纤耦合全帧CCD方式制作的X射线探测器在实验室高精度X射线CT扫描中广泛应用。由于X射线的强穿透特性,全帧CCD探测器通常工作在无快门模式,图像拖影是该模式下必定存在的伪影。本文针对全帧CCD探测器CT扫描图像拖影校正进行研究,提出了非曝光行校正法校正投影图像拖影,避免了利用暗像元校正法校正投影图像拖影时可能会带来的条形伪影;针对动态曝光CT扫描,设计了基于辐射屏蔽的投影图像感兴趣区域快速读出模式,通过降低电荷转移时间有效抑制投影图像拖影的产生,提高探测器有效信号动态范围。实验结果表明：应用非曝光行校正法能有效校正投影图像拖影、提高投影图像质量;采用投影图像感兴趣区域快速读出模式可有效解决动态曝光CT扫描图像拖影校正难题。     

基于嵌入式操作系统的无线电力监测系统设计

为了对各个用电设备或用电用户的电力使用情况进行精细化监测,从而对电力评估、管理起到基础性作用,设计了一种基于Contiki嵌入式操作系统的无线电力监测系统,以6LoWPAN作为无线通信协议;该系统由终端节点、路由节点、接入节点、GPRS模块及计算机数据中心构成;介绍了基于TV3154、TA5212及信号调理滤波网络、ADE7653电力测量、MSP430F1611主控及CC2420射频的终端节点、接入节点硬件设计方法;介绍了基于Contiki,结合6LoWPAN无线协议及I²C、UART等串口通信协议的终端节点、接入节点软件设计方法;实验结果表明,系统对电压、电流、功率的测量误差均保持在2% 以内,能够实现组网,两个节点之间的无线通信距离可达80 m。     

A spiking neural network-based approach to bearing fault diagnosis

Fault diagnosis, with the aim of accurately identifying the presence of various faults as early as possible so at to provide effective information for maintenance planning, has been extensively concerned in advanced manufacturing systems. With the increase of the amount of condition monitoring data, fault diagnosis methods have gradually shifted from the model-based paradigm to data-driven paradigm. Intelligent fault diagnosis approaches which can automatically mine useful information from a huge amount of raw data are becoming promising ways to identify faults of manufacturing systems in the context of massive data. In this paper, the Spiking Neural Network (SNN), as the third generation neural network, is tailored as an intelligent fault diagnosis tool for bearings in rotating machinery. Compared to the perceptron and the back propagation neural network (BPNN) which are respectively the first and second generations of neural networks. SNN, which introduces the concept of time into its operating model can more closely mimic natural neural networks and possesses high bionic characteristics. In the proposed SNN-based approach to bearing fault diagnosis, features extracted from raw vibration signals through the local mean decomposition (LMD) are encoded into spikes to train an SNN with the improved tempotron learning rule. The performance of the proposed method is examined by the CWRU and MFPT datasets, and the experimental results show that the method can achieve a promising accuracy in bearing fault diagnosis.     

Harnessing Ostwald ripening to fabricate hierarchically structured mullite-based cellular architecture via the gelation network-triggered morphology-regulation method

Gas-in-liquid foam templating is considered as a promising method for commercial-scale production of porous materials. However, Ostwald ripening occurs frequently during the preparation, which could bring about inhomogeneous bubbles with large sizes and deteriorate the performance of resultant products. To tackle this challenging task, we report a gelation network-triggered morphology-regulation strategy during the foaming process. As an exemplar, boehmite sol was incorporated into the andalusite suspension to stabilize the foam framework. After casting, the wet foam was able to maintain its overall shape, since andalusite particles were anchored onto the gas-liquid interface by the gelation network during mechanical frothing. The samples calcined at 1400°C feature homogeneous bubble with hierarchical porous architecture, smaller pore size with a mean value of 5.32 μm and robust compressive strength of 11.97MPa at a porosity level of 84 %. Our approach substantially broadens the design philosophy of high performance porous ceramics.     

Experimental investigation of the deformation of Hopkinson bar specimens

Split Hopkinson bar (SHB) experiments are often used to study the strain rate dependent mechanical properties of materials. During a SHB experiment a small sample of the material under study is subjected to a high strain rate, uni-axial, tensile, compressive or torsion load. From the classical measurements the time history of the mean stress, strain rate and strain in the specimen can be derived. For some applications, more detailed information concerning the variation of the deformation in the specimen is necessary. In this contribution a technique is presented which makes it possible to obtain the deformation along the length of the specimen. The deformation of a line grid attached to the specimen is recorded during an experiment by means of a streak camera. An advanced and innovative numerical technique, based on a combination of geometric moiré and phase shifting, is developed to extract the time history of the deformation along the axis of the specimen from the picture of the deforming grid automatically. Large specimen deformations are allowed, and the technique proved to give highly accurate results. In this contribution results are presented of a SHB experiment on a steel sheet specimen. Some remarks are formulated concerning the generally assumed homogeneity of the deformation in the specimen, and the deformation obtained with the classical measurement techniques.     

Microstructure of diamond–SiC nanocomposites determined by X-ray line profile analysis

Diamond composites with nanosize diamond crystals and nanosize SiC matrix were obtained at 8 GPa and temperatures varied between 1800 and 2000 °C. Multiple Whole Profile fitting method applied to X-ray diffractograms of sintered composites provided information on crystallite size and population of dislocations. When the temperature was increased at a constant pressure, it led to a growth of crystallite sizes in both phases and reduced population of dislocations. Porosity was limiting hardness of the specimens indicating importance of sample preparation prior to sintering nanosize diamond powders.